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Satsana Phi ((ラーオ語:ສາສນາຜີ); (タイ語:ศาสนาผี), "religion of the gods ()") is a classificatory term for the ethnic religions practiced by 30.7%〔(Pew Research Center's Global Religious Landscape 2010 - Religious Composition by Country ).〕 of the population of Laos.〔Yoshihisa Shirayama, Samlane Phompida, Chushi Kuroiwa, 2006. p. 622, quote: «() Approximately 60 to 65% of the population, most of whom are Lao Lum (people of the lowlands) follow Buddhism. About 30% of the population, on the other hand, hold an animist belief system called "Sadsana Phee" ()».〕〔Guido Sprenger. ''Modern Animism: The Emergence of "Spirit Religion" in Laos''. Local Traditions and World Religions: The Appropriation of “Religion” in Southeast Asia and Beyond. 2014.〕 The same traditions are practiced by the Lao Isan and Thais of Thailand. These religions are of the pantheistic and polytheistic-animistic typology, often including shamanic roles. The category comprehends traditions of the Lao and other Tai-Kadai folks, the Khmu and other Mon-Khmer folks, as well as religions of the Hmong-Mien (Hmongism and Yao Taoism), Tibeto-Burman, and other ethnic groups of Laos.〔 Among the Lao, the Lao Loum and Lao Lom〔 are predominantly Buddhist, while the Lao Theung and Lao Sung are predominantly Phiist. ==Overview== ''Phi'' (ຜີ, ผี, ) are tutelary gods of buildings or territories, of natural places, things or phenomena; they are also ancestral spirits and other spirits that protect people, and include malevolent spirits. Guardian deities of places, such as the ''phi wat'' (ຜີວັດ, ผีวัด) of temples and the ''lak mueang'' (ຫລັກເມືອງ, หลักเมือง, ) of towns are celebrated with communal gatherings and offerings of food. Gods of Hindu derivation are included in the pantheon; indigenous non-Hindu gods are called ''phi thaen'' (ຜີແຖນ, ผีแถน).〔Poulsen, A. (2007). ''Childbirth and Tradition in Northeast Thailand. Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.〕 ''Phi'' are ubiquitous, and some of them are connected with the universal elements: heaven, earth, fire, and water. Lao people also believe in thirty-two spirits known as ''khwan'' (ຂວັນ, ขวัญ, (:kʰwan)) that protect the body, and ''baci'' (ບາສີ, , บายศรี, ) ceremonies are undertaken during momentous occasions or times of anxiety to bind the spirits to the body, as their absence is believed to invite illness or harm. The ''baci'' rite calls all thirty-two ''khwan'' back to bestow health, prosperity, and well-being on the affected participants. Cotton strings are tied around the wrists of the participants to keep the spirits in place. The ceremony is often performed to welcome guests, before and after making long trips, and as a curing ritual or after recovery from an illness; it is also the central ritual in the Lao Loum wedding ceremony and naming ceremony for newborn children.〔Ireson, W. Randall. "Animism in Laos". (''A country study: Laos'' ) (Andrea Matles Savada, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (July 1994). 〕 In daily life, most people pay respect to the ''phi'' that reside in spirit houses, who are thought to protect the vicinity from harm. Offerings of flowers, incense, and candles are given, and the spirits are consulted during changes or times of hardness for protection and assistance. Natural deities include those that reside in trees, mountains, or forests. Guardian spirits of people often include ancestors or angelic-beings who arrive at various points in life, better known as ''thewada''. Malevolent spirits (''phi phetu'') include those ''khwan'' of people who were bad in past lives or died of tragic deaths, such as the ghastly ''phi pob'' (ຜີປອບ, ผีปอบ) and the vampirical ''phi dip'' (ຜີດິບ, ผีดิบ). Deities associated with specific places such as the household, the river, or a grove of trees are neither inherently benevolent nor evil, and occasional offerings ensure their favor and assistance in human affairs.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Satsana Phi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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